Save your skin

The keys to better detect melanoma

May is Melanoma Skin Cancer Awareness Month. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the skin cells that make melanin, a pigment that gives skin, hair and irises their dark colour. It is estimated that over 1,300 Canadians died of melanoma in 2019.

One of the more common ways it can start is by a mutation in the DNA of the melanocytes (melanin-producing cells) in the skin caused by ultraviolet (UV) ray damage through overexposure, whether naturally (sunlight) or artificially (tanning beds). These damaged cells can then multiply uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Fortunately, when caught early, melanoma has a 99% survival rate. Any mark on the skin that meets the following ABCDE criteria should be seen as suspicious and reported to a doctor for diagnosis:

Asymmetrical. Both halves don’t look the same.

Border. The edges are uneven.

Colour. It can be different shades of brown, red or blue.

Diameter. Anything the size of a pencil eraser (6 millimetres, or 0.25 inch, in diameter) or larger is suspicious

Evolving. It may change in size, shape, colour or elevation, and itch or bleed.

Depending on the type and progression of the cancer, it can be removed surgically, exposed to radiation or treated with traditional chemotherapy, immunotherapy drugs or targeted therapy drugs. Each approach has its own advantages and side effects.

The old adage about an ounce of prevention holds true for skin cancer, since following a healthy lifestyle, with a good diet, regular exercise and a sun safety routine, can reduce your risk of the disease. So put on SPF 30 or higher sunscreen, a shirt, a hat and sunglasses when you do enjoy time in the sun.

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