Different strokes

Be aware of the varying risks, types, causes and symptoms of stroke

June is Stroke Awareness Month in Canada, where stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and the third leading cause of death. Every year, close to 90,000 new strokes occur, and nearly 11,000 Canadians die from stroke. More than 875,000 Canadians are living with the effects of stroke.

“The older you get, the more at risk you are,” says Patrice Lindsay, the director of health systems change at the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. “But because progress is being made in new treatments and research, having a stroke doesn’t mean you can’t have a meaningful life.”

The facts are frightening, but nothing raises awareness about a health condition like a celebrity who publicly shares a personal experience. Juno Award–winning Canadian musician Alan Frew, who fronts the rock band Glass Tiger, did exactly that after experiencing a stroke.

In August 2015, Frew, then 58, had a stroke while asleep in Toronto. Paralyzed on his right side, he began the long road to rehabilitation and recovery. Two years earlier, he had been diagnosed with high blood pressure and high cholesterol, but he had been feeling so well that he stopped taking his prescription medications. In hindsight, he believes he wouldn’t have had the stroke if he’d stayed on his medications.

What is a stroke?

A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function caused by a brain blood vessel blockage (ischemic stroke) or rupture (hemorrhagic stroke). Symptoms can include weakness or loss of sensation, often on one side of the body; confusion or difficulty speaking; vision difficulties; headache; or loss of coordination and balance.

Stroke can happen to anyone, at any age, from infancy to adulthood, although most occur in those older than 60. Yet stroke disproportionally affects women—more die of stroke or have worse outcomes afterward, and more are living with the effects of stroke and facing more challenges as they recover. “We don’t have a great understanding about trends in treatment for women, so it’s a big area of research,” says Lindsay.

The onset of symptoms is typically sudden. The acronym FAST is used to teach people how to detect symptoms:

• Facial drooping on one side
• Arm or leg weakness
• Speech difficulties
• Time (if you experience the first three, it’s time to call 911)

“The quicker you act by calling 911, the better your outcome will likely be,” says Lindsay. “Don’t drive yourself to the hospital or have someone drive you. A 911 call triggers actions at the hospital, where they’ll be preparing to do the appropriate tests when you arrive.”

Treatment

Treatment may include the removal of a blood clot or clots, then procedures such as angioplasty or stents, or medication such as blood thinners, to prevent further clots from forming. It may take weeks or months of physical and speech therapy to strengthen the affected areas.

Now 66, Frew is able to reflect on his experience—and offer advice. “There was massive depression at first,” he told the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. “Stroke is such an insult to the human condition. You have to allow yourself to be broken and mourn what you have lost, then accept that this is it.”

Although people tell Frew they can’t tell he had a stroke, he says his right hand and arm will never be the same. He’s now vigilant about taking his medication, swims daily, is mindful of what he eats and has cut his sodium intake. “If I can help one person feel less stigmatized, I have done my job,” he says.

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